Principles of Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Treatment of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections
Annals of Internal Medicine 20 March 2001 Volume 134 Number 6, pp. 479-521.
Principles
of Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Treatment of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections
in Adults: Background, Specific Aims, and Methods
R. Gonzales, J.G. Bartlett, R.E. Besser,
R.J. Cooper, J.M. Hickner, J.R. Hoffman, and M.A. Sande
The guidelines in this issue provide evidence-based recommendations for evaluation
and treatment of adults with acute respiratory illnesses. This paper describes
the background and specific aims of and methods used to develop these principles.
The goal of the principles is to provide clinicians with practical strategies
for limiting antibiotic use to the patients who are most likely to benefit from
it.
Principles of Appropriate Antibiotic Use
for Treatment of Nonspecific Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Adults
V. Snow, C. Mottur-Pilson, and R. Gonzales,
for the American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine
This guideline describes the evidence and makes specific recommendations on
how clinicians can differentiate upper respiratory tract infection as bacterial
or viral in origin and on when use of antibiotics in upper respiratory tract
infection is beneficial.
Principles
of Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Treatment of Nonspecific Upper Respiratory
Tract Infections in Adults: Background
R. Gonzales, J.G. Bartlett, R.E. Besser,
J.M. Hickner, J.R. Hoffman, and M.A. Sande
The goals of this paper are to provide evidence-based recommendations for when
to apply the diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infection and when to consider
antibiotic treatment of adults with an uncomplicated upper respiratory tract
infection.
Principles
of Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Acute Sinusitis in Adults
V. Snow, C. Mottur-Pilson, and J.M. Hickner,
for the American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine
This guideline presents supporting evidence and makes specific recommendations
on how clinicians evaluating acute sinusitis can differentiate bacterial causes
from viral and how they can determine when antibiotic use is beneficial.
Principles
of Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Acute Rhinosinusitis in Adults: Background
J.M. Hickner, J.G. Bartlett, R.E. Besser,
R. Gonzales, J.R. Hoffman, and M.A. Sande
This paper argues for a conservative approach to use of antibiotics in patients
with sinusitis-like symptoms, consistent with efforts to reduce antibiotic use
for respiratory infections in ambulatory patients.
Principles
of Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Acute Pharyngitis in Adults
V. Snow, C. Mottur-Pilson, R.J. Cooper,
and J.R. Hoffman, for the American College of Physicians–American
Society of Internal Medicine
This guideline presents evidence and makes specific recommendations on how clinicians
can distinguish and diagnose pharyngitis caused by group A -hemolytic streptococcus.
It also discusses when antibiotic use is beneficial and which antibiotics should
be used.
Principles
of Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Acute Pharyngitis in Adults: Background
R.J. Cooper, J.R. Hoffman, J.G. Bartlett,
R.E. Besser, R. Gonzales, J.M. Hickner, and M.A. Sande
Most immunocompetent adults with sore throat have acute infectious pharyngitis.
Widespread antibiotic use in such patients has been based on an effort to treat
bacterial (particularly streptococcal) pharyngitis. This paper addresses the
rational treatment of nongonococcal, nondiphtherial acute pharyngitis in healthy
adults.
Principles
of Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Treatment of Acute Bronchitis in Adults
V. Snow, C. Mottur-Pilson, and R. Gonzales,
for the American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine
This guideline describes evidence and makes specific recommendations on how
clinicians can differentiate between bacterial and viral causes of acute bronchitis
and on when the use of antibiotics in acute bronchitis is beneficial.
Principles
of Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Treatment of Uncomplicated Acute Bronchitis:
Background
R. Gonzales, J.G. Bartlett, R.E. Besser,
R.J. Cooper, J.M. Hickner, J.R. Hoffman, and M.A. Sande
Most cases of acute bronchitis occur in otherwise healthy adults, in whom this
acute cough illness can be called "uncomplicated acute bronchitis." This paper
discusses use of antibiotics in these patients.